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''Joseph Spiess'' (1838–1917) was a French engineer who filed a patent for a rigid airship in 1873, the year before Ferdinand von Zeppelin first outlined his own design. However, Spiess's machine was not actually constructed until 1913, and was the first and only French rigid airship. Joseph Spiess was born on 10 September 1838, the son of a printer, in the city of Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin département, in the Alsace region of France.〔(Archives Nationales - Dossier: LH/2546/5 SPIESS Joseph 10/09/1939 (p.4/15) )〕 He served as a warrant officer in the Franco-Prussian War from 1870 to 1871,〔(Dossier: LH/2546/5 (p.15/15) )〕 and when Alsace-Lorraine was annexed by the German Empire, Spiess opted to retain his French nationality.〔(Dossier: LH/2546/5 (p.6/15) )〕 Shortly before World War I, there was public pressure for France to emulate Germany's airship fleet,〔(Frederick A. Talbot, Aeroplanes and Dirigibles of War, The Echo Library 2006, ISBN 1-40680-763-X (p.20) )〕 and construction of Spiess's airship, with state assistance, was started by Société Zodiac at the Aérodrome de Saint-Cyr-l'École.〔(EntreVoisins: Birthplace of the first rigid frame airship )〕 It had a framework of hollow wooden spars braced with wire, and was given the name ''Zodiac XII'' but had the name ''"SPIESS"'' painted along the side of the envelope.〔( Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1913 "Zodiac XII" (p.125) )〕 It was 113 metres long, with a diameter of 13.5 metres, powered by a single Chenu 200 horse power engine that drove two propellers. It first flew on April 13, 1913, but it became clear that it was underpowered and required more lift, so the envelope was extended to 140 metres to accommodate three more gas cells and a second engine was added. Spiess then presented the airship to the French government as a gift.〔(Ladislas d'Orcy, D'Orcy's Airship Nanual, The Century Co. N.Y. 1917 )〕 After further trials it was not accepted by the French military, because their view was that smaller non-rigid types would be more effective.〔(Global Security: French Airships / Dirigeable - The Great War )〕 The Spiess airship seems to have been broken-up in 1914. The first appearance of the Spiess airship over Paris initially caused consternation as it was mistaken for a German Zeppelin; however, when it was found to be a French machine, Spiess became something of a national celebrity and was nominated for Chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur in June 1913.〔(Dossier: LH/2546/5 (p.12/15) )〕 Joseph Spiess died on 31 March 1917,〔(Dossier: LH/2546/5 (p.1/15) )〕 and is buried with other family members in the Cimetiere du Pere-Lachaise in Paris; his gravestone has a bronze frieze depicting his airship.〔(Aérostèles: Tomb of Joseph Spiess )〕 ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseph Spiess (engineer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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